BSOAF

For example, if someone says a name is Teutonic, what does it mean?

It means the name has German origins.

it's a german name

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/teutonic

Teutonic (pronounced "too-TAWN-ik") means "noting or pertaining to the northern European stock that includes the German, Dutch, Scandinavian, British, and related peoples; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the Teutons or Germans; German; of or pertaining to the Germanic languages and to peoples or tribes who speak or spoke them. " Teutonic languages are a group of languages forming a division of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family, and embracing the High German, Low German, Gothic, and Scandinavian dialects and languages.